However, the tunnels themselves are real, and similar
underground passageways have also been found in Europe. Malcolm W Browne in his
article Underground Tunnels Threaten Town In Hungary's Wine Country
refers to over sixty miles of ancient tunnel systems of unknown origin and
purpose which have been discovered beneath the town of Eger, Hungary, some of
which have collapsed (37).
Amazing
Stories magazine of October 1947 contained the following letter: "Sirs ...I
don't know whether you are familiar with the Big Bend or not, but there is no
more wild or desolate area in the country. Rugged mountains, cut by canyons,
there are innumerable parts of it which have never known the foot of man. ...Finlay [a friend
of the letter's author] spotted a mountain lion ... they managed to keep him in
sight ... the lion, however, started up a faint trail up one side of the canyon to
a small cave they could see about a hundred feet from the floor of the canyon.
They followed him up this trail, but when they got to the cave - there was no
lion! ... In the rear [of the
cave] was a perfectly round hole ... they approached the hole and peered down into
it. It was perfectly round - also it was about four or five feet in diameter.
They couldn't see very far down it, but it appeared to descend rather sharply
and at a steady gradient.
"The fellows gathered some dry grass from the
canyon floor and made some torches. The incline of the bore was too steep for
them to climb down so they tossed the torches down it. They just slid down
further and further and disappeared into the gloom. They never did see or hear
of the lion again. At first they thought they had stumbled into some old Spanish
mine workings. But there was no sign anywhere of a dump that always goes with a
mine. By all rights there should have been some sign of the earth and rock that
had come out of that hole - but there wasn't. When they inspected the hole itself more
closely, they were amazed at its symmetry and at the consistency of the section
of the bore as far as they could see down into it. The fact that the bore was perfectly round
puzzled them, too. If it was a mine shaft, it most certainly wouldn't have been
round, but instead would have been flat on the bottom. The fact that the shaft
extended straight and unwavering as a rigid pipe was cause for further
amazement. Since the fellows had no rope with them,
which would have been needed to descend the shaft, as well as lights, they
scratched their heads awhile and then left. Finlay wanted to go back with equipment ... but ranchers are
busy people and he never went back." (38)
A major advocate that the Earth is hollow, thus that these
tunnels led to an 'inner world' was Cyrus Teed. Teed (above) came to this conclusion shortly after the American
civil war when he claimed to have had a vision, "the earth is a hollow sphere,
and we live inside it. Everything in the universe is in here with us - planets,
comets, stars - everything. What's outside the sphere? Nothing." (39) Teed explored this idea in a book entitled The Cellular
Cosmogony, or, the Earth a Conclave Sphere which he wrote under the
pseudonym 'Koresh'. According
to Teed, the known world is on the concave, inner surface of a sphere, outside
of which there is only a void. At the centre of the sphere, the rotating sun,
half dark and half light, gives an illusion of rising and setting. The Moon is a
reflection of the Earth's surface; the stars and planets reflect from metallic
planes on the Earth's concave surface.
The vast internal
cavity is filled with a dense atmosphere that makes it impossible to see across
the globe to the lands and peoples on the other side (40). Teed also argued that there is no such thing as gravity; our
feet are kept on the ground by centrifugal force. As bizarre as it sounds,
Teed's proposal could not be refuted mathematically. Indeed he offered a $10,000
reward to anyone who could prove him wrong, but found no-one able to do so. (The
trick is done by inversion, a mathematical transformation that lets a
mathematician turn a shape inside out.)
Clearly, Teed's theories were hopelessly wrong. However the
concept of a Hollow Earth continued to attract a following, with a 'photograph'
(above) taken by the ESSA-7 satellite on 23rd November 1968 giving
new impetus to the idea.
This 'photograph' billed, as 'the most remarkable photograph ever taken' (41)
was considered by the hollow earth theorists to be incontrovertible proof that
the Earth is indeed hollow apparently showing a massive 'hole as the pole.'
However, the picture was not all it appeared, for the 'photograph' was actually
a mosaic of television images taken during a twenty-four hour period at
differing points along the satellite's orbit.
The images were later processed by computer and reassembled to form a composite
view of Earth as if seen from a single point directly over the North Pole. During this time the regions near the Pole
were shrouded by the continuous darkness of the arctic winter, thus the
unlighted area around the pole.
Yet the Hollow Earth
believers, and yes they still do exist, continue to present evidence which, in
their view supports the theory. Unfortunately it appears possible to
mathematically prove the Earth is indeed hollow (even though it is not) and this
has been seized upon by many to support various hollow Earth theories. Indeed a
search for Hollow Earth in any major search engine will throw up hundreds of
sites that support this proposition. Even NASA photographs of the planet are
used as evidence of openings to the hollow earth at the poles.
However, easy as the Hollow Earth
theory is to dismiss, there are some notable reservations. For example Admiral
Richard E. Byrd of the United States Navy flew to the North Pole in 1926 and
over the South Pole in 1929. In his diary, he tells of entering the hollow
interior of the Earth, along with others and travelling 17 miles over mountains,
lakes, rivers, green vegetation, and animal life. He tells of seeing tremendous
animals, resembling the mammoths of antiquity moving, through the brush. He
eventually found cities and a thriving civilization. The external temperature
was 74 degrees F. His airplane was greeted by flying machines of a type he had never seen
before. They escorted him to a safe landing area where he was graciously
greeted by emissaries from Agartha. After resting, he and his crew, were taken
to meet the king and queen of Agartha. They told him that he had been allowed
to enter Agartha because of his high moral and ethical character. They went on
to say that they worried about the safety of planet due to he bombs and other
testing done above the surface by governments. After the visit Byrd and his
crew were guided back to the surface of the planet.
Was Admiral Byrd a madman? Not according to the United States Government who put him in charge of Operation Highjump, a major military operation to Antarctica shortly after the end of the Second World War.
Okay, now back to our search for the missing civilisation.
Given
that there is no obvious location for the missing civilisation - either on the
Earth or in it (!) - some researchers have suggested that all evidence has been
wiped out by a natural disaster than befell the world in prehistory.
Indeed the great flood of the Bible is even cited as one of the consequences of
this disaster and a find in the frozen wastelands of Siberia at the turn of the
Twentieth Century provides tantalising clues as to what may have happened.
References
(1) Tomas, A, Atlantis From Legend to Discovery p.14 Sphere Aylesbury 1973
(2) Berlitz C, Mystery of Atlantis p. 53 Souvenir Press London 1977
(3) Berlitz C, Mystery of Atlantis pp. 57-8 Souvenir Press London 1977
(4) Scientific American 28th July 1877.
(5) Berlitz C, Mystery of Atlantis pp. 66-7 Souvenir Press London 1977
(6) Hope, M Atlantis, Myth or Reality? p. 80 Arkana, London 1991
(7) Hope, M Atlantis, Myth or Reality? p. 81 Arkana, London 1991
(8) Hope, M Atlantis, Myth or Reality? p. 81 Arkana, London 1991
(9) Tomas, A, Atlantis From Legend to Discovery pp. 15-16 Sphere Aylesbury 1973
(10) Termier, Pierre, L'Atlantide, Monaco 1913.
(11) Tomas, A, Atlantis From Legend to Discovery p.15 Sphere Aylesbury 1973
(12) Tomas, A, Atlantis From Legend to Discovery p.15 Sphere Aylesbury 1973
(13) Geographical Society of America Bulletins No. 60 (1949) and 65 (1954).
(14) Tomas, A, Atlantis From Legend to Discovery p.14 Sphere Aylesbury 1973
(15) Tomas, A, Atlantis From Legend to Discovery p.14 Sphere Aylesbury 1973
(16) Tomas, A, Atlantis From Legend to Discovery p.14 Sphere Aylesbury 1973
(17) The Miami News 23rd August 1968, the Miami Herald 11th September 1968.
(18) Tomas, A, Atlantis From Legend to Discovery p.14 Sphere Aylesbury 1973
(19) Ibid
(20) Richards Douglas G, Archaeological Anomalies in the Bahamas, Journal of Scientific Exploration 2:181, 1988.
(21) Hope, M Atlantis, Myth or Reality? p. 233 Arkana, London 1991
(22) Tomas, A, Atlantis From Legend to Discovery p.122 Sphere Aylesbury 1973
(23) Ball, Mahlon M., and Gifford, John A., 1980, Investigation of Submerged Beachrock Deposits Off Bimini, Bahamas Research Reports National Geographical Society, Vol. 12. P21-38
(24) Gifford, John A, 1973, A Description of the Geology of the Bimini islands, Bahamas, University of Miami, Florida pp11-12
(25) McKusick, M., and Shinn, E.A., 1980 Bahamian Atlantis Reconsidered, Nature, Vol. 287 No 5777 pp 11-12
(26) Kye, Charles A., 1959, Shoreline Features and Quaternary Shoreline Changes, Puerto Rico US Geological Survey Professional paper No. 317-B, pp 49-140.
(27) McLean, Roger F., 1964, A Regional Study of the Distribution, Forms, Processes, and rates of Mechanical and Biological Erosion of a Carbonate Clastic Rock in the Littoral Zone. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, McGill University.
(28) Ball, Mahlon M., and Gifford, John A., 1980, Investigation of Submerged Beachrock Deposits Off Bimini, Bahamas Research Reports National Geographical Society, Vol. 12. P21-38
(29) Strasser, A., and Davaud, E., 1986, Formation of Holocene Limestone Sequences by Progradation, Cementation and Erosion; Two Examples from the Bahamas Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, Vole 56 No 3 p 422-428
(30) McKusick, M., and Shinn, E.A., 1980 Bahamian Atlantis Reconsidered, Nature, Vol. 287 No 5777 pp 11-12
(31) Randi, J., Atlantean Road: the Bimini Beach Rock Skepical Inquirer Vol. 5 No. 3 pp 42-43 1981
(32) Kolosimo, Peter, Timeless Earth p.40
(33) Wilkins, Harold T., Mysteries of Ancient South America pp.169-170.
(34) Wilkins, Harold T., Mysteries of Ancient South America p.175
(35) Stemman, R, Mysteries of the Universe p. 162 Book Club Associates LOndon 1980
(36) Fate and Fortune Magazine p. 40 #2 1974.
(37) New York Times 8th November 1967 p. 2
(38) Amazing Stories pp 171-2 Oct 1947.
(39) Omni Magazine, October 1983.
(40) Mystic places p. 147 Time Life Books.
(41) Trench, Brinsley, Secret of the Ages p.116 Panther, 1976
Other References Quoted:
Harrison, W., 1971, Atlantis Undiscovered; Bimini,
Bahamas, Nature Vol. 230 No 5292 p.287-289
Davaud, Eric and Strasser, A., 1984, Progradation, Cimentation, Erosion; Evolution Sedimentaire et Diagenetique Recente d'un Littoral Carbonate (Bimini, Bahamas). (Translated title; 'Progradation, Cementation, Erosion; Recent Diagenetic and Sedimentary Evolution in a carbonate Coastal Environment, Bimini, Bahamas.) Ecologae Geologicae Helvetica, Vol. 77 No 3, pp 449-468
Shin, E. A., 1978, Untitled Sea Frontiers, Vole 24, p130
Supko, P. R., Marszalek, D. S., and Bock, W. D., 1970 Sedimentary Environments and Carbonate Rocks of Bimini, Bahamas Miami Geographical Society Annual Field Trip, Guidebook No 4, p.30, Miami Geological Society, Miami, Florida.
Appendix I
The three features are unconnected at the southwest end;
scattered blocks are present there but do not form a well-defined linear feature
connecting the seaward, middle and shoreward features.
No evidence exists anywhere over the three features of two
courses of blocks, or even a single block set squarely atop another.
Not enough blocks lie in the vicinity of the three features to
have formed a now-destroyed second course of blocks.
Bedrock closely underlies the entire area of the three features
eliminating the possibility of excavations or channels between them.
Indications are that the blocks of the inner and middle
features have always rested on a layer of loose sand. No evidence was found of
the blocks being cut into or founded on the underlying bedrock surface.
In areas of the seaward feature where blocks rest directly on
the bedrock surface, no evidence was found of regular or symmetrical supports
beneath any of the rocks.
We saw no evidence on any of the blocks of regular or repeated
patterns of grooves or depressions that might be interpreted as tool marks.
The inner and middle features are continuous only over a
distance of about 50 meters. Though the seaward feature extends several hundred
meters further to the north east, it too is not well founded or continuous
enough to have served as some kind of thoroughfare. In fact, the only attributes
of the three linear features that suggest a human origin are the regular shapes
of some of the blocks. These are also attributes of natural bedrock deposits.
(11)
Explore forgotton clues scattered throughout history that are suggestive
of an alternative history.
Join the world-wide search for evidence
of a lost civilisation that predates
known history.
Has Earth already been contacted by other civilisations either in the distant past or in recent centuries?
A discussion of the emergence of advanced technologies and the bizarre invasion of Antarctica after WWII.
A discussion of sightings of UFOs in the sky above Earth and within the solar system, including Moon anomalies.
Evidence the Earth has been visited by extraterrestrials and how the public had been subject to disinformation.
A list of credits and sources for the themes and issues explored
in Violations.
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